Fuel injection device



FUEL INJECTION DEVICE Filed Dec. 8, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 gl 9b 33 3125693. 59 (l Q 54' :RQ/ SZ 78 35 87 50 Qi; glu/W110i Feb. 16 1926.1,573,248

P. .JOHNSEN FUEL INJECTI ON DEVICE Filed Deo. .8, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet-2Pff/fer .joh/75er;

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Feb. 16 1926.

1,573,248 P. JOHNSEN FUEL INJECTION DEVICE Filed Dec. 8, 1924 3Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Feb. 16, 1926.

UNITED STATES 1,573,248 PATENT OFFICE.

PETER JOHNSEN, F NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO CLAUDEL. JOHNSON, 0F NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANEST FV'UEL INJECTION DEVICE.

Application tiled-December 8, 1924. Serial No. 754,641.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER JoHNsEN, a citizen of the United States,residing at New Orleans, inthe parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana,have invented new and useful Improvements in Fuel-Injection Devices, ofwhich the following is-a specification;A

This invention relates to inspirators for internal combustion engine andmore especially to improvemeans liquid,fuel into the'jcombustion chamberat the desired period inthe cycle ofthe engine. v

The primary. object of the invention is to provide an inspirator, inwhich the fuel is delivered under alhigh velocity to the chamber througha deliveryy nozzle having mounted therein a spray tiplformed withspiral20 grooves, so that the fuel will be divided into capillary streams andgiven a turbulent motion, thus insuring a complete va orization of the`product of combustion wit out detonation or iiuctuation in the:operation of the 25 engine.-

j A further object ofthe invention consists in the particular manner ofoperatively connectingthe fuel delivery plunger to the fuel pump so thatthe ystroke of the plunger and 30 the supply of fuel being delivered tothe inspirator may be simultaneously varied, de-

pending upon the load or theI particular use to which the engine is tobe ap lied.

Referring to the drawings, w ierein is set forth several preferredembodiments of the invention g v Figure lis a side elevational view ofan internal combustion engine witli my invention attached thereto.

Figure 2 is a front end view of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a verticalsectionalview of the inspirator showing the same mounted on thecylinderfhead of the engine.

Higelin, 4s isi-an,"- enl'arged sectional detail view ,of lower portionfof the delivery Figure ons a plan view of vthe spray phig.A

Figure tl is a detail sectional view of the driveshaft `short/i1'igythemanner in whith the fuel punip cams are V'cormfected thereto. `Figure'isasectionalview takenv enh stantielljtY along-the Eine TM? of FigureG. Figure 8 is a side elevational view., with parts in section, of amodified form of 'the inventief..

s for supplying.

Figure 9 is an enlarged plan view of Figure 8, and j Figure 10 is adetail view of the slida-y ble cam shown in Figure 9.

Referring to the drawings, in which like numerals designate like partsin the several views,l 10 denotes an internal combustion engine which,for the purpose of illustration, is conventionally shown 0f the twocycle type, having three 'cylinders 11, anda ily Wheel 12 secured to thecrank shaft 13 of the engine. l l

' The head 14 of each of the cylinders 11 has an orifice 15 forreceiving an inspirator .16. The downward movement of the inspirator inthe cylinder is limited by a flange 17 through which extend the bolts'18 for securing the device to the engine. Y The inspirator referablyconsists of a delivel nozzle 19 .aving an axial bore 20 and a-conicalseat 21 formed adjacent'its lower end, which communicate with thecombustion chamber of the engine through the restricted port 22, aslshown in Figure 3. Positioned within the bore 2O is a sleeve 23,preferably 0f bronze, which has at its upper end an annular groove 24communicating with a spiral or tortuous passage 24. A fuel supply pipe25 communicates with the annular groove 24 through an opening 26, whilethe opposite extremity o the passage 24 connects with radial ports 27 inthe lower end of the sleeve so as to deliver the fuel from the supply 25to a chamber 29. A spray plug or tip 30, preferablytapered at its lowerend, snugly fits in the seat 21, and has a centrai opening 3l in the topthereof, which communicates with a series of spiral grooves 33 by meansof the inclined ports 34,vpreferably four in number, as shown in FigureThe top of the plug engages the adjacent lower end of the sleeve and ismaintained in position thereby, while the tapered portion fits intotheseat 21 solas to preclude the pos- R sbfilit of thoffuel seeping ordripping past t. Mm i ug. 4 eciprocating plunger 35, having an. enlargedhead 36, extends within the sleeve 23, and is slidably maintained inposition by a packing 3? and a gland 3S which'fit in a threadedcounterbore 39 in the nozzle 19. The plunger is normally forcedupwardly, preferably by a coil spring 40 interposed between the head 3Gand the adjacent face of the gland 38.

illtl A laterally projecting arm 41 extends upwardly from one side ofthe nozzle 19 and has pivoted thereto, as at 42, an operating lever 43.One end of the lever 43 is arranged to contact with thehead 36 of theplunger and is preferably provided with a vertical opening, throughwhich extends a threaded bolt 44 that may be adjusted so as to vary thetension of the spring 40. The opposite extremity of the lever 43 has arecess socket 45 in the underside thereof which receives the adjacentcurved end 46 of a push rod 47`movably connected to the side of each ofthe cylinders by the clamp 4S and the guide lug 49. The lower end of theI push rod 47 is preferably forked, as at 50, and has journalledthereina roller 51, which contacts with a longitudinally tapered cam 52 keyedto the shaft 53.

A suction pump 54 for each of the cylinders 11 delivers the Afuel fromany suitable point of supply to the pipes 25, where it is conductedthrough the port 26 and the tortuous passage 24 to the chamber 29 formedin the lower end cf the sleeve between the spray plug 30 and the plunger35.

As there is a separate pump delivering to yeach cylinder, their numberwill vary, depending upon the number of cylinders of the engine.Preferably the pumps 54 will be closely positioned with respect to eachother, as shown in Figure1. Each of the pumps 54 has an outwardlyprojecting piston or plunger 55, which controls the inlet and outletsupply of fuel to the pump, and

is arranged to contact with adjacent cams 56, 57 and 58 carried by thesleeve 59 on the shaft 53. The cams 56, 57 and 58 are preferablylongitudinally tapered and are of the same number as the cylinders ofthe engine. rI'hc outer cam 56 is keyed to a rib 60 and is adjustablyconnected to the operating collar 6l i by means of a dowel pin 62arranged to be selectively inserted in the opening 63 formed in theadjacent faces of the cam and the collar. The cams 57 and 58 aresimilarly provided with complementary openings which receive dowel pinsso that each of these cams may be adjusted rotatably relative to eachother for selectively varying the delivery of fuel to the severalcylinders. A nut 64 threaded to one end ot' the sleeve 59 secures thecams 56, 57 and 58 in fixed position on the shaft 53, and may be readilyremoved therefrom for the purpose of permitting the cams to be adjusted.l

A shaft 65 slidably mounted in the brackets 66 on the engine carries thespaced arms 67 which are provided with .the sleeves 68 having set screws69 that engage theshaft'for adjustably securing the arms thereon. Theupper ends-of each of the arms 67 is preferably forked, as at 7() so asto engage compleincntary grooves 71 in each of the tapered cams 52 andthe collar 61, so that upon moving the rod 65 longitudinally the contactof the cams with, the rollers 51 and the plunger-s 55, will besimultaneously Varied. While the rod 65 is arranged to be manuallyoperated, the same may be connected to a part of the engine so as to bemechanically controlled.

A'bracket 72 secured to the side of the engine by the bolts 73 supportsthe shaft 53., wlnch shaft is rotatably connected to the crank shaft 13in any suitable manner, Vsuch as by the silent chain 74.

As a heavy grade of fuel is usually employed in the type of engines towhich the inspirator is applied, the pump 54 is preferably provided witha drain cock 75, while a primer 76 on the supply pipe 25' receives thelighter fuel such as gasoline for initially starting the engine, theheavyfuel tending to force the gasoline' into the cylinder where 1t isquickly ignited by the spark plug 77.

The operation of the device is as follows:

Assuming the engine to be in operation, the plunger 35 lwill force thefuel from the chamber 29 through the grooves 86 of the spray plug intothe combustion chamber at predetermined intervals. lf it is desired tovary the stroke of the plunger, due to change of load, the shaft 65 ismoved longitudinally so to either increase or decrease the stroke of theplunger as may be desired, and simultaneously therewith, the supply offuel from the pump 54 and the nozzle 18 will be proportionately varied.Furthermore,

should it be necessary to vary the supply tof fuel to the severalcylinders, this may be readily accomplished by selectively adjusting thetapered cams 56, 57 and 58 relative to each other.

The modified form of the invention illustrated in Figure 8 issubstantially similar1 in operation to that previously described, withthe exception that the inspirator `'73, which is mounted on the cylinderhead 79 of the engine, has a supporting arm 80, to which is pivoted atone end an operation lever 81, a.; at 81. The lever 81 has an openingtherein, through lwhich extends the reciprocating plunger 82 whichforces the fuel into the combustion chamber at the proper period in thecycle of the engine. The opposite end ofthe arm 81 is preferably forkedand has journalled therein a roller 83 which engages the longitudinallytapered cam 84 keyed to the shaft`85, as at 86 but 1 arranged to beslidab'le thereon. The cam 84 is operatively connected to a fuel pump,not shown. througlrthe instrumentality of a forked arm 87, which engagesthe complementary groove 88 in the adjacent wall of the cam 84 so as topermit the contact surface of the cam 84 with the roller 83 to vary uponthe cam being moved longitudinally relative to the shaft85.

The lever 81 between its ends is provided with a swell portion 89 whichengages the underside of the plunger head 90. A coil spring 91positioned between the plunger head 90 and the plate 92 normally tendsto force the plunger downwardly against the action of the lever S1,while an adjustable screw 93, which extends tlirough-an opening in thecap 94 is provided to vary the tension of the spring 91 when the same`is found desii'able.

It will be seen that upon the rotation of the cam S4, the adjacent end`of the lever 81 will descend, thus allowing the spring ress the plunger82 downwardly, which in turn forces the fuel through the nozzle in theinannei' as previously described. Obviously, the timing of thereciprocating plunger is such that the delivery ofthe fuelV to thecombustion engine will occur at the proper moment in the cycle of theengine which may be readily controlledand varied by the actuation of thecams, depending upon the particular' kind of work with which the engineis to be used or the grade of fuel being employed. v

By reason of the particular formation of the spray plug 21, the fuel isforced into the combustion chamber of the engine in capillary streamsand giving a turbulent motion, thus insuring proper combustion andatoniization of-the fuel without danger of detonation Furthermore, asthe spiral grooves 25 ai'e protected by the adjacent tapered wall of thenozzle, the formation of carbon deposits thereon is prevented, whiletheprobability of carbon collecting on the lower end or tip of the plug ispractically precluded, due to the velocity with `which the fuel isforced through the grooves into the combustion chamber.

It is to be understood that the several forms of the invention herewithshownl and described are merely illustrative, and in no senserestrictive, and that such changes as fall withinthe purview of oneskilled in the art may be made without departing fi'oin the spirit ofthe invention and the scope of the appended claims.

I claim: I

1. In combination with a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, ofan inspirator communicating with the interior of said cylinder, areciprocating plunger in said inspirator foi' forcing the fuell intosaid cylin- -der, a fuel pump delivering to lsaid inspiratoi', a commondrive means operatively associated with said fuel pump and inspiratorfoi' delivering fuel to .theengme at predetermined intervals, and meansforv simultaneously varying the quantity of fuel to the inspirator andthe stroke of the plunger. Y

2. In combination with a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, ofan inspirator communicating. with the interior of said cylinder, areciprocating plunger in said inspirator for forcing the fuel into saidcylinder, a fuel pump delivering to said inspirator, a common drivemeans operatively associated with said fuel pump and inspirator fordelivering fuel to the engine at pi'edetern'iined intervals, andslidable meansl for simultaneously varying the quantity ot' fuel to theinspirator and the stroke of the plunger.

3. The combination with the cylinder of `an internal combustion engine,of an inspirator' communicating with the interior of said cylinder', areciprocating plunger in "said inspirator for forcing the fuel into saidcylinder, :i lever pivoted to said inspirator and engaging said plunger,a push rod connected to said lever', a fuel pump delivering to saidinspirator, and a common drive means operatively associated with saidpush rod and pump for forcing the fuel to said inspirator atpredetermined intervals.

Ll. The combination with the cylinder of an internal combustion engine,of an inspirator' connnunicatihg with the interior of said cylinder, areciprocating plunger in said inspirator for forcing the fuel into saidcylinder, a lever pivoted to said inspirator and engaging said plunger,a push rod con-` nected to said lever, a fuel pnrnp delivering to saidinspirator, and longitudinally tapei'cd cams operatively associated withsaid push i'od and pump for' forcing fuel through said inspirator atprcdcteri'nined intei'va s, and slidable means connected to said camsfor simultaneously varying the supply of fuel to the inspirator and themovement of the plunger.

5. The combination with the cylinder of an internal combustion engine,of an inspirator communicating with the interior of said cylinder, a`i'cciprocatii'ig plunger in said inspirator for forcing the fuel intosaid cylinder, a. lever pivoted to said inspirator and engaging saidplunger, a push i'od connected to said lever', a fuel pump delivering tosaid inspirator, a shaft mounted on Said engine, a cani keyed to saidshaft and contacting with the lower end of said push rod, means forrotating said shaft, a second cam on said shaft, said pump having avieldable member contacting with said last mentioned cam, means forrotating said shaft, and means for simultaneously varying the stroke ofthe plunger' and the supply of fuel from the pump to said inspirator.

G. The combination with the cylinders of an internal combustion engine,of an inspirator mounted on each of said cylinders and communicatingwith the interior' thereof, a reciprocating plunger in said inspirator;a lever' pivoted to said inspirator and contacting with said lunger, apush i'od connected to said lever' or actuating the saine, a fuel pumpfor each of said cylinders, ashaft iiso mounted on said engine, taperedcams keyed to said shaft, said pump having a piston engaging one of thecams, said push rod engaging the o-tlier of the cams, and means forsimultaneously operating said cams for varying the stroke of the plungerand the supply of fuel to the engine.

7. The combination with the cylinders of .an internal combustion engineof an inspirator mounted on each of said cylinders and communicatingWith the interior thereof, a reciprocating plunger extending into saidinspirator, a fuel pump delivering to said inspirator, a rotatable shafton said engine, longitudinally taperedl cams keyed to said shaft andoperatively connected to said plunger and pump, and slidable meansassociated with said cams for simultaneously varying the stroke of theplunger and the supply of fuel to said inspirator.

8. The combination with the cylinders of an internal combustion engine,of an inspirator mounted on each of said cylinders and communicationwith the interior thereof, a reciprocating plunger extending into saidinspirator, a push rod operativelyl connected to said plunger, a fuelpump for each of said cylinders having outwardly projecting pistons,ashaft, means for rotating said shaft.-

longitudinally adjustable cams keyed'to said shaft and adapted to engagethe push rods and pistons respectively for simultaneously controllin thesupply of fuell to the cylinders, slida le means connected to said camsfor simultaneously varying the stroke of the plunger and the supply offuel to said inspirator. Y

9. The combination With the cylinders of an internal combustion engine,of an inspirator mounted on each of said cylinders and communicatingWith the interior thereof-,n reciprocating pliingei-exteiiding into saidinspiffator, apush rod operatively connected to said plunger, a fuelpump for each of said cylinders having outwardly projectingr pistons. ashaft, means for rotating said shaft, longitudinally tapered cams keyedto said. shaft and adapted to engage the push rods and pistonsrespectively, and means for simultaneously moving said cams lengthwiseot' said shaft for varying the stroke of the plunger and the supply offuel to the inspirato'i.

10' An inspirator of the class described comprising a delivery nozzlehaving an axial hoi'e and a tapered seat therein, a spray plug engagingsaid seat and having a series of spiral `grooves in the wall thereof, asleeve within said bore, a fuel passage formed in the periphery of saidsleeve, a fuel supply delivering to one end of said passage, a chambercommunicating with Vthe opposite end of the passage, a reciprocatingplunger traversing said sleeve, and means for actuating said plunger forforcing the fuel chamber communicating end of said passage, said plughaving converging ports connecting said chamber with said spiralgrooves, a reciprocating plunger traversing saidk sleeve, and means foractuating said plunger for forcing the fuel from said chamber throughsaid grooves into the cylinder of an engine.

12. An inspirator of the class described comprising a delivery nozzlehaving an axial bore and a tapered seat therein, a conical plug engagingsaid seat and having a series of spiral Grooves in the Wall thereof, asleeve within' said bore having a tortuous passage formed in theperiphery thereof, a fuel supply delivering to one endof said passage, awith the opposite end of said passage, said plug having converging portsconnecting said chamber with said spiral grooves, a reciprocatingplunger traversingsaid sleeve, said nozzle having an arm projectingupwardly therefrom, a lever pivoted to said arm and operatively engagingsaid plunger for moving the latter in one direction, and means. formoving said plungerin an opposite direction to that of said lever.

13. An inspirator of the class described comprising a delivery nozzlehaving an axial bore and a tapered` seat therein, a conical plugengaging said seat and having a series of spiral grooves in the Wallthereof, a sleeve within said bore having aftortuous passage formed iiithe periphery thereof, a fuel supply delivering to one end of saidpassage,-a

chamber communicating with the opposite end of said passage., said plughaving converging poi-ts connecting said chamber with said spiralgrooves, a reciprocating plunger traversing said sleeve, said nozzlehaving an arm projecting upwardly therefrom, a lever pivoted to said armand operatively engaging said plunger for moving the latter in onedirection, and-yieldable means for moving said plunger in an oppositedirection to that of said lever.

14. The combination with the cylinders of an engine, of an inspiratorcoininunicating with leach of the cylinders, a reciprocating plunger ineach of the inspirators for forcing the fuel into the combustionchainher, a fuel pump delivering to each of the inspira-tors and havinga valve controlled piston extending therefrom, a shaft mounted on saidengine, a series of cams keyed to said shaft, each of said cams adaptedto engage the adj acont cam on the shaft, means for rotatably adjustingeach of the cams relative to one another, means on said shaftoperatively connected to said plunger for simultaneously varying thestroke of the plunger and the supply of fuel to the inspirator, andineans fo'r rotating said shaft.

15. The combination with the cylinders of an engine, of an inspiratorcommunicating with each of the cylinders, a reciprocating plungeriireach of the inspirators for forcing the fuel into the combustionchamber, a fuel pump delivering to each of the inspirators and having avalve controlled piston extending therefrom, a shaft mounted on saidengine, a series of eains keyed to said shaft, each of said cams adaptedto engage the adjacent eain on the shaft, said cams having alignedopenings therein, pins adapted to engage said openings for adjustingeach of the earns rotatively relative to one another, and movable meanson said shaft operatively connected to said plunger whereby the strokeof the plunger may be simultaneously varied with the supply of fuel tothe inspirator.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

PETER JOHNSEN.

